A 6SA is a mini-essay of six sentences that conveys one statement, supports it with one reason, and heads off one important challenge. A 6SA is written in response to a case that contains a decision situation (see next section for an example). The structure of a 6SA is strictly pre-defined and each sentence fulfills a specific function within the whole argument. It is based on the so-called theory of convincing arguments (Toulmin 1958). In the following, the specific function of each sentence is explained:

1. The introduction presents the topic of the 6SA. You guide your reader to the decision situation of the case.
2. The position states the course of action you decide to argue for. You can choose any position as long as it responds to the decision situation.
3. The reason supports the stated position. You need to choose the most compelling reason you can express in one sentence.
4. The challenge anticipates a point of criticism that a reader might voice concerning the reason. The idea is to strengthen your argument by preempting criticism.
5. The rebuttal provides an answer to the challenge, for example by limiting the position to certain situations. The purpose is to inform your reader that your have weighed the pros and cons of the position.
6. The conclusion sums up the argument and states the result of your reasoning. It should rest firmly on the previous sentences and avoid introducing new information.

This video should help as a short introduction:

The Word Limit

As an additional challenge, each sentence may not exceed 20 words in length. The word limit challenges you to focus on the points you want to make in each sentence. As a result, your argument will be concise and brief. Below are some tips that are helpful to adhere to the word limit:

• first write a rough draft, then redraft by excluding everything that is non-essential to your argument, to eventually focus only on the core points
• learn to ‘prune’ your sentences and find ways to make the same point with fewer words. It usually helps to use active language and avoid passive voice (e.g. “I suggest to…” instead of “it is suggested that…”)

The word limit can sometimes conflict with a clever point you wish to make. However, solving these conflicts and focusing on the essentials is part of the exercise. The ability to focus on the core points is essential to work with the 6SA structure. It is also an ability that is important in practical situations, where your audience (your colleagues, your boss, your teacher) usually appreciates if you can make your point brief.