Title: Kalzium - Steuerung Knochenumbau

systemische Hormone

Stimulatoren

- Parathormon (PTH)
- 1,25-(OH)2-Vitamin-D
- PTH-related Peptide (PTHrP)
- Wachstumshormon (GH)

Inhibitoren

- Östrogene
- Androgene
- Progesteron
- Kalzitonin

lokale Faktoren

Stimulatoren

- Interleukin-1 und -6
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
- Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)
- RANK-Ligand (RANKL)
- Prostaglandin
- Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF)

Inhibitoren

- Osteoprotegerin (OPG)
- mechanische Belastungen
- Interferon γ
- Interleukin-4, -10, -13, -18
- Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)