Title: Advanced Additive Manufacturing

Choose the correct statement.

- 3D printing is a layer by layer process in which allows for the creation of structures and geometries not possible with traditional machining, forming, or shaping processes.  Additive manufacturing (AM) is a term that refers to the enhanced material design capabilities that come with the spatial control of material during 3D printing and the broader manufacturing process (including pre and post printing steps) in addition to the 3D printing techniques themselves. (correct)
- 3D printing is a layer by layer process for creating parts. These parts can always be made via traditional machining, forming, or shaping processes but 3D printing provides a unique advantage in workflow as computer designed models can be directly produced.  Additive manufacturing (AM) refers to all additive processes where there is microstructural complexity.

- Most AM methods rely on the same fundamental principles of chemical interactions and/or phase transformation as traditional manufacturing but are usually processed at extremely high local heating/cooling rates which give rise to unique microstructures and interfaces that can alter the performance or mechanical properties of the component. (correct)
- Most AM methods rely on the deformation and phase transformations just like traditional manufacturing.  However, the localized nature of processing leads to build up of stress but does not alter the microstructure.  This results in inferior mechanical properties for most AM parts as compared to traditionally processed materials.
- Most AM methods do not rely on the same fundamental principles of chemical interactions and/or phase transformation as traditional manufacturing but adhesive and interface dominated. This gives rise to unqiue composite-like properties and .
- Most AM methods do not rely on the deformation and phase transformations just like traditional manufacturing.  Instead they leverage chemical interactions to control the property and bonding of materials.  This enables a wide range of materials and ensures interfaces do not play an important role in the performance of 3D printed components but introduces limited microstructural control in AM processes.

- AM can broadly be classified into chemical and physical methods.  Chemical methods induce reactions which result in the deposition or fromation of a material at a specific location.  Physical methods rely on heating, pressure, or adhesives to fuse/join materials to form the solid component. (correct)
- AM can broadly be classified by the unique material class each technique produces.  Laser or electron-beam methods make metallic structures. Adhesive jetting methods make ceramic components. Photolithography or vat polymerization produce polymeric materials.
  Hint: Can laser or electron beam methods ONLY be used with metals?

- AM has benefits in design complexity and localized microstructural control but is often less effective for large-scale manufacturing and can suffer from a variety of processing defects or limitations. Selection of AM vs traditional processing should take into considerations the specific constraints of a part which is being processed. (correct)
- AM can always produce superior components as compared to traditional techniques but is often too costly to make this feasible for large scale producution.  Thus AM is the focus of smaller batch production.
- AM is primarily benefitial for its design complexity and fast processing of a single component.  AM methods are best used for rapid-prototyping, modeling, and highly customizable components that do not need to be mechanically rohbust.  Generally not fit for creation of critical components or heavily used parts.