Title: Fracture Healing References Accordian

References

1. Einhorn TA. Enhancement of fracture-healing. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:940-956.

2. Buckwalter JA, Einhorn TA, Bolander ME, Cruess RL. Healing of the Musculoskeletal Tissues. In: Rockwood CAj, Green DP, Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, eds. Fractures in adults., 4 ed. Philadelphia, New York: Lippincott-Raven:261-304.

3. Currey JD. How well are bones designed to resist fracture? J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:591-598.

4. Huiskes R, Ruimerman R, van Lenthe GH, Janssen JD. Effects of mechanical forces on maintenance and adaptation of form in trabecular bone. Nature. 2000;405:704-706.

5. Hammer, A. The structure of the femoral neck: A physical dissection with emphasis on the internal trabecular system. Annals of Anatomy – Anatomischer Anzeiger, Volume 192, Issue 3, 2010;168-177.

6. Currey JD. Bone architecture and fracture. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2005;3:52-56.

7. Parrett BM, Matros E, Pribaz JJ, Orgill DP. Lower extremity trauma: trends in the management of soft-tissue reconstruction of open tibia-fibula fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:1315-22; discussion 23-24.

8. Tejwani NC, Hak DJ, Finkemeier CG, Wolinsky PR. High-energy proximal tibial fractures: treatment options and decision making. Instr Course Lect. 2006;55:367-379.

9. Zalavras CG, Patzakis MJ. Open fractures: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003;11:212-219.

10. Marsh DR, Li G. The biology of fracture healing: optimising outcome. Br Med Bull. 1999;55:856-869.

11. Wolff J. Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen. Hirschwald, Berlin, 1892.

12. Schenk R, K, Hunziker E, B. Histological and ultrastructural features of fracture healing. In: Brighton C, Friedlander, G, Lane, JM, eds. Bone formation and Repair. Vol. 23. Rosemont, Illinois, US: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons:117-146.

13. Gerstenfeld LC, Cullinane DM, Barnes GL, Graves DT, Einhorn TA. Fracture healing as a post-natal developmental process: molecular, spatial, and temporal aspects of its regulation. J Cell Biochem. 2003;88:873-884.

14. Augat P, Simon U, Liedert A, Claes L. Mechanics and mechano-biology of fracture healing in normal and osteoporotic bone. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(Suppl 2):S36-S43.

15. Glowacki J. Angiogenesis in fracture repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;355(Suppl):S82-S89.

16. Edelberg JM, Reed MJ. Aging and angiogenesis. Front Biosci. 2003;8(Suppl 1):S199-S209.

17. Gandhi A, Liporace F, Azad V, Mattie J, Lin SS. Diabetic fracture healing. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11:805-824.

18. Khan SN, Bostrom MP, Lane JM. Bone growth factors. Orthop Clin North Am. 2000;31:375-388.

19. Simpson AH, Mills L, Noble B. The role of growth factors and related agents in accelerating fracture healing. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:701-705.

20. Joyce ME, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Bolander ME. Transforming growth factor-beta and the initiation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the rat femur. J Cell Biol. 1990;110:2195-2207.

21. Reddi AH. Bone morphogenetic proteins: from basic science to clinical applications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83(Suppl 1):S1-S6.

22. Valentin-Opran A, Wozney J, Csimma C, Lilly L, Riedel GE. Clinical evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Clin Orthop. 2002;395:110-120.

23. Yudell RM, Block MS. Bone gap healing in the dog using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:761-766.

24. Mizumoto Y, Moseley T, Drews M, Cooper VN, 3rd, Reddi AH. Acceleration of regenerate ossification during distraction osteogenesis with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(Suppl 3):S124-S130.

25. Nomura S, Takano-Yamamoto T. Molecular events caused by mechanical stress in bone. Matrix Biol. 2000;19:91-96.

26. Mikuni-Takagaki Y. Mechanical responses and signal transduction pathways in stretched osteocytes. J Bone Miner Metab. 1999;17:57-60.

27. Yeung HY, Lee KM, Fung KP, Leung KS. Sustained expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 by distraction during distraction osteogenesis. Life Sci. 2002;71:67-79.

28. Holbein O, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Suger G, Kinzl L, Claes L. Ilizarov callus distraction produces systemic bone cell mitogens. J Orthop Res. 1995;13:629-638.

29. Lammens J, Liu Z, Aerssens J, Dequeker J, Fabry G. Distraction bone healing versus osteotomy healing: a comparative biochemical analysis. J Bone Miner Res. 1998;13:279-286.

30. Weiss S, Baumgart R, Jochum M, Strasburger CJ, Bidlingmaier M. Systemic regulation of distraction osteogenesis: a cascade of biochemical factors. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17:1280-1289.

31. Banes AJ, Tsuzaki M, Yamamoto J, et al Mechanoreception at the cellular level: the detection, interpretation, and diversity of responses to mechanical signals. Biochem Cell Biol. 1995;73:349-365.

32. Aspenberg P. Drugs and fracture repair. Acta Orthop. 2005;76:741-748.

33. Persson PE, Nilsson OS, Berggren AM. Do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause endoprosthetic loosening? A 10-year follow-up of a randomized trial on ibuprofen for prevention of heterotopic ossification after hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2005;76:735-740.

34. Pankovic AM, Tarabishy IE, Yelda S. Flexible intramedullary nailing of tibial-shaft fractures. Clin Orthop. 1981;160:185-195.

35. Koch PP, Gross DF, Gerber C. The results of functional (Sarmiento) bracing of humeral shaft fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;11:143-150.

36. Aro HT, Wahner HT, Chao EY. Healing patterns of transverse and oblique osteotomies in the canine tibia under external fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 1991;5:351-364.

37. Augat P, Margevicius K, Simon J, Wolf S, Suger G, Claes L. Local Tissue Properties in Bone Healing: Influence of Size and Stability of the Osteotomy Gap. J Orthop Res. 1998;16:475-481.

38. Augat P, Merk J, Genant HK, Claes L. Quantitative assessment of experimental fracture repair by peripheral computed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997;60:194-199.

39. Claes L, Augat P, Suger G, Wilke HJ. Influence of size and stability of the osteotomy gap on the success of fracture healing. J Orthop Res. 1997;15:577-584.

40. Claes LE, Wilke H-J, Augat P, Rübenacker S, Margevicius KJ. Effect of dynamization on gap healing of diaphyseal fractures under external fixation. Clin Biomech. 1995;10:227-234.

41. Kenwright J, Goodship AE. Controlled mechanical stimulation in the treatment of tibial fractures. Clin Orthop. 1989;241:36-47.

42. Claes LE, Heigele CA, Neidlinger-Wilke C, et al. Effects of Mechanical Factors on the Fracture Healing Process. Clin Orthop. 1998;355(Suppl ):S132-S147.

43. Seebeck J, Goldhahn J, Stadele H, Messmer P, Morlock MM, Schneider E. Effect of cortical thickness and cancellous bone density on the holding strength of internal fixator screws. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2004;22:1237-1242.

44. Goldhahn J, Reinhold M, Stauber M, et al. Improved anchorage in osteoporotic vertebrae with new implant designs. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:917-925.

45. Dayer R, Rizzoli R, Kaelin A, Ammann P. Low protein intake is associated with impaired titanium implant osseointegration. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21:258-264.

46. Pitzen T, Franta F, Barbier D, Steudel WI. Insertion torque and pullout force of rescue screws for anterior cervical plate fixation in a fatigued initial pilot hole. J Neurosurg Spine. 2004;1:198-201.

47. Koistinen A, Santavirta SS, Kroger H, Lappalainen R. Effect of bone mineral density and amorphous diamond coatings on insertion torque of bone screws. Biomaterials. 2005;26:5687-5694.

48. Bonnaire F, Zenker H, Lill C, Weber AT, Linke B. Treatment strategies for proximal femur fractures in osteoporotic patients. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(Suppl 2):S93-S102.

49. Dvorak MF, Pitzen T, Zhu Q, Gordon JD, Fisher CG, Oxland TR. Anterior cervical plate fixation: a biomechanical study to evaluate the effects of plate design, endplate preparation, and bone mineral density. Spine. 2005;30:294-301.

50. Fankhauser F, Schippinger G, Weber K, et al. Cadaveric-biomechanical evaluation of bone-implant construct of proximal humerus fractures (Neer type 3). J Trauma. 2003;55:345-349.

51. Knoller SM, Meyer G, Eckhardt C, Lill CA, Schneider E, Linke B. Range of motion in reconstruction situations following corpectomy in the lumbar spine: a question of bone mineral density? Spine. 2005;30:229-235.

52. Reinhold M, Schwieger K, Goldhahn J, Linke B, Knop C, Blauth M. Influence of screw positioning in a new anterior spine fixator on implant loosening in osteoporotic vertebrae. Spine. 2006;31:406-413.

53. Goldhahn J, Suhm N, Goldhahn S, Blauth M, Hanson B. Influence of osteoporosis on fracture fixation - a systematic literature review.

Osteoporos Int. 2007 Dec 8; [Epub ahead of print]

54. Chao EY, Inoue N, Koo TK, Kim YH. Biomechanical considerations of fracture treatment and bone quality maintenance in elderly patients and patients with osteoporosis. Clin Orthop. 2004:425:12-25.

55. Neidlinger-Wilke C, Stalla I, Claes L, et al. Human osteoblasts from younger normal and osteoporotic donors show differences in proliferation and TGF beta-release in response to cyclic strain. J Biomech. 1995;28:1411-1418.

56. Klein-Nulend J, Sterck JG, Semeins CM, et al. Donor age and mechanosensitivity of human bone cells. Osteoporos Int. 2002;13:137-146.

57. Joldersma M, Burger EH, Semeins CM, Klein-Nulend J. Mechanical stress induces COX-2 mRNA expression in bone cells from elderly women. J Biomech. 2000;33:53-61.

58. Todd JA, Robinson RJ. Osteoporosis and exercise. Postgrad Med J. 2003;79:320-3.

59. Marcus R. Role of exercise in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2001;27:131-141.

60. Kemmler W, Lauber D, Weineck J, Hensen J, Kalender W, Engelke K. Benefits of 2 years of intense exercise on bone density, physical fitness, and blood lipids in early postmenopausal osteopenic women: results of the Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS). Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1084-1091.

61. Chien MY, Wu YT, Hsu AT, Yang RS, Lai JS. Efficacy of a 24-week aerobic exercise program for osteopenic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000;67:443-448.

62. Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Ichimura S. Effect of exercise training and detraining on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Orthop Sci. 2001;6:128-132.

63. Joldersma M, Klein-Nulend J, Oleksik AM, Heyligers IC, Burger EH. Estrogen enhances mechanical stress-induced prostaglandin production by bone cells from elderly women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;280:436-442.

64. Perren SM. Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures. The scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:1093-1110.

65. Zeiter S, Montavon P, Schneider E, Ito K. Plate stabilization with bone rivets: an alternative method for internal fixation of fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:279-285.

66. Moroni A, Faldini C, Rocca M, Stea S, Giannini S. Improvement of the bone-screw interface strength with hydroxyapatite-coated and titanium-coated AO/ASIF cortical screws. J Orthop Trauma. 2002;16:257-263.

67. Moroni A, Faldini C, Pegreffi F, Giannini S. HA-coated screws decrease the incidence of fixation failure in osteoporotic trochanteric fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;425:87-92.

68. Augat P, Rapp S, Claes L. A modified hip screw incorporating injected cement for the fixation of osteoporotic trochanteric fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2002;16:311-316.

69. Moroni A, Hoang-Kim A, Lio V, Giannini S. Current augmentation fixation techniques for the osteoporotic patient. Scand J Surg. 2006;95:103-109.

70. Gisep A, Curtis R, Flutsch S, Suhm N. Augmentation of osteoporotic bone: effect of pulsed jet-lavage on injection forces, cement distribution, and push-out strength of implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006;78:83-88.

71. Boden SD, Zdeblick TA, Sandhu HS, Heim SE. The use of rhBMP-2 in interbody fusion cages. Definitive evidence of osteoinduction in humans: a preliminary report. Spine. 2000;25:376-381.

72. Govender S, Csimma C, Genant HK, et al. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for treatment of open tibial fractures: a prospective, controlled, randomized study of four hundred and fifty patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:2123-2134.

73. Friedlaender GE, Perry CR, Cole JD, et al. Osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) in the treatment of tibial nonunions. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83(Suppl 1):S151-S158.

74. Chen WJ, Jingushi S, Aoyama I, Anzai J, Hirata G, Tamura M, Iwamoto Y. Effects of FGF-2 on metaphyseal fracture repair in rabbit tibiae. J Bone Miner Metab. 2004;22:303-309.

75. Andreassen TT, Oxlund H. Local anabolic effects of growth hormone on intact bone and healing fractures in rats. Calcif Tissue Int. 2003;73:258-264.

76. Kawaguchi H, Kurokawa T, Hanada K, et al. Stimulation of fracture repair by recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Endocrinology. 1994;135:774-781.

77. Raschke M, Kolbeck S, Bail H, et al. Homologous growth hormone accelerates healing of segmental bone defects. Bone. 2001;29:368-373.

78. Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B, Ostapowicz D, et al. Long-term effects of local growth factor (IGF-I and TGF-beta 1) treatment on fracture healing. A safety study for using growth factors. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:514-519.

79. Jeppsson C, Astrand J, Tagil M, Aspenberg P. A combination of bisphosphonate and BMP additives in impacted bone allografts. Acta Orthop Scand. 2003;74:483-489.

80. Aspenberg P, Basic N, Tagil M, Vukicevic S. Reduced expression of BMP-3 due to mechanical loading: a link between mechanical stimuli and tissue differentiation. Acta Orthop Scand. 2000;71:558-562.

81. Andreassen TT, Ejersted C, Oxlund H. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) treatment increases callus formation and mechanical strength of healing rat fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:960-968.

82. Andreassen TT, Fledelius C, Ejersted C, Oxlund H. Increases in callus formation and mechanical strength of healing fractures in old rats treated with parathyroid hormone. Acta Orthop Scand. 2001;72:304-307.

83. Seebach C, Skripitz R, Andreassen TT, Aspenberg P. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) enhances mechanical strength and density of new bone after distraction osteogenesis in rats. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:472-478.

84. Tanaka M, Sakai A, Uchida S, et al. Prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP4) selective agonist (ONO-4819.CD) accelerates bone repair of femoral cortex after drill-hole injury associated with local upregulation of bone turnover in mature rats. Bone. 2004;34:940-948.

85. Paralkar VM, Borovecki F, Ke HZ, et al. An EP2 receptor-selective prostaglandin E2 agonist induces bone healing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:6736-6740.

86. Mundy G, Garrett R, Harris S, et al. Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins. Science. 1999;286:1946-1949.

87. Skoglund B, Forslund C, Aspenberg P. Simvastatin improves fracture healing in mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17:2004-2008.

88. Skripitz R, Aspenberg P. Early effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on implant fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;392:427-432.

89. Skripitz R, Bohling S, Ruther W, Aspenberg P. Stimulation of implant fixation by parathyroid hormone (1-34)-A histomorphometric comparison of PMMA cement and stainless steel. J Orthop Res. 2005;23:1266-1270.

90. Moroni A, Faldini C, Hoang-Kim A, Pegreffi F, Giannini S. Alendronate improves screw fixation in osteoporotic bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:96-101.

91. Skoglund B, Holmertz J, Aspenberg P. Systemic and local ibandronate enhance screw fixation. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:1108-1113.

92. Tanzer M, Karabasz D, Krygier JJ, Cohen R, Bobyn JD. The Otto Aufranc Award: bone augmentation around and within porous implants by local bisphosphonate elution. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;441:30-39.

93. Tengvall P, Skoglund B, Askendal A, Aspenberg P. Surface immobilized bisphosphonate improves stainless-steel screw fixation in rats. Biomaterials. 2004;25:2133-2138.