10.1 – Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness
– most extensive long-term study: to conceptualise, operationalise, test, and validate a cross-level integrated theory of the relationship between culture and societal, organisational, and leadership effectiveness. – first published as a book: Culture, Leadership and Organizations (2004)
presents results of a ten-year research programme; additional publication on Leadership in 2007
– a team of 160 scholars, working together since 1991 (initiated by R.J.House)
– a study of 62 cultures, including over 17,300 middle managers and 951 organisations in 3 main industries: banking, food processing, and telecommunications.
– Archival measures of country economic prosperity and the physical and psychological well-being of the cultures studied
GLOBE identified 10 society (not country!) clusters…
The 10 “Societal Clusters” and number of society
Anglo – 7
Latin Europe – 6
Nordic Europe – 3
Germanic Europe – 5
Eastern Europe – 8
Latin America – 10
Sub-Saharan Africa – 5
Middle East – 5
Southern Asia – 6
Confucian Asia – 6
and 9 value orientations presented in a NEW WAY: “as is“ (= practice) vs “should be“ (= value)
Already known aspects: Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Future Orientation
Performance Orientation
10.2 – NEW’ aspects:
| Humane Orientation | the degree to which a society encourages an individual’s fairness, generosity and kindness towards others |
| Institutional Collectivism | the degree to which institutions rewarding collective distribution of resources and collective action |
| In-Group Collectivism | the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organisations or families |
| Assertiveness | the degree to which individuals are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with others |
| Gender Egalitarianism | the degree to which a collective manages gender equality |
10.2.1 – Distinguishable features
- truly cross-cultural research programme: constructs were defined, conceptualised, and operationalised by the multicultural team of researchers.
- the industries selected through a polling of the country investigators
- the instruments designed with the full participation of the researchers representing the different cultures
- the data in each country collected by investigators who were either native of the cultures studied or had extensive knowledge and experience in that culture
A look at … the Anglo Cluster (Globe Study)
The Anglo Cluster comprises Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa (white)
All English speaking i.e. former British colonies
All so-called developed nations; the most powerful and economically advanced group
7% of the world population, accounting for 40% of the world‘s GDP (of which 75% USA)
Anglo cluster‘s societal culture scores
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