Describing trends and changing circumstances
18.1 – To go up (a little) |
18.2 – To go down (a little) |
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18.3 – Nouns |
18.4 – Verbs |
18.5 – Nouns |
18.6 – Verbs |
18.7 – an increase18.8 – a rise18.9 – a growth18.10 – an improvement18.11 – an upturn18.12 – an upward trend |
18.13 – to increase18.14 – to rise18.15 – to grow18.16 – to improve18.17 – to go up18.18 – to get better18.19 – to edge up |
18.20 – a decrease18.21 – a fall18.22 – a drop18.23 – a decline18.24 – a downturn18.25 – a downward trend |
18.26 – to decrease18.27 – to fall18.28 – to drop18.29 – to decline18.30 – to go down18.31 – to edge down18.32 – to get worse18.33 – to deteriorate |
18.34 – To go up (a lot) |
18.35 – To go down (a lot) |
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18.36 – Nouns |
18.37 – Verbs |
18.38 – Nouns |
18.39 – Verbs |
18.40 – a surge18.41 – an upsurge18.42 – a leap18.43 – a jump18.44 – |
18.45 – to shoot up18.46 – to rocket18.47 – to soar18.48 – to leap18.49 – to jump |
18.50 – a plunge18.51 – a crash18.52 – a slump |
18.53 – to crash18.54 – to tumble18.55 – to plummet18.56 – to plunge18.57 – to slump |
18.57.1 – Other verbs showing a change
The amount of increase can also be indicated by using these verbs:
halve (1/2)
double (x2)
triple (x3)
quadruple (x4)
increase tenfold (x10)
No change Change of direction
to remain stable to peak
to level off to reach a peak to reach a low point
to stabilize to top out to bottom out
to stay at the same level to hit bottom
to stagnate to recover
to remain constant to rebound
to revive
18.58 – There was a(n) (very) |
18.59 – minimal18.60 – slight18.61 – small18.62 – slow18.63 – gradual18.64 – steady18.65 – marked18.66 – large18.67 – dramatic18.68 – steep18.69 – sharp18.70 – rapid18.71 – sudden |
18.72 – rise18.73 – increase18.74 – fluctuation18.75 – decrease18.76 – decline18.77 – reduction18.78 – fall18.79 – drop |
To describe the degree of change
Adjectives Adverbs
a dramatic rise or fall to rise or fall dramatically
considerable considerably
sharp sharply
significant substantially
moderate moderately
slight slightly
To describe the speed of change
To describe the speed of change
Adjectives Adverbs
An abrupt rise or fall to rise or fall abruptly
A sudden suddenly
rapid rapidly
quick quickly
slow slowly
| There was a(n) (very) | minimal
slight small slow gradual steady marked large dramatic steep sharp rapid sudden |
rise
increase fluctuation decrease decline reduction fall drop |
Practice
Reporting change
Use the words in the boxes and the charts to complete the cloze activities below:
From week 24 to 28, profits _______________________ and then from weeks 29 to week 36, profits _______________________ with a _______________________ at week 33 of 4.2 million. From week 37 to week 40, profits _______________________, _______________________ at 1 million at week 40. From week 40 to week 46, profits _______________________ with a _______________________ of 1.2 million and a _______________________ of 0.8 million.